\u201cTarih, ge\u00e7en zamanlar\u0131n \u015fahididir, onun ger\u00e7eklerini ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r, an\u0131lar\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za yol g\u00f6sterir ve eski zamanlardan bilinmeyen olaylar\u0131 anlat\u0131r\u201d der Cicero. \u015e\u00fcphesiz toplumlar\u0131n var olma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli sacayaklar\u0131ndan biri toplumsal ve tarihi belle\u011fimizdir. Ge\u00e7en her saniye, dakika ve saatler bizi gelece\u011fimize yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z an\u0131lar tarihteki yerini almaya devam eder.<\/p>\n
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Bat\u0131 eksenli tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yazar \u0130brahim Tikan taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan Gudea\u2019dan Sokrates\u2019e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck (Antik K\u00fcrdistan ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi) isimli kitap, K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n egemenlerce kendine mal edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan tarihine, Big Bang\u2019tan (b\u00fcy\u00fck patlama) ba\u015flay\u0131p e\u015fitlik\u00e7i klan-kabile d\u00f6neminden, ataerkil a\u015firet formuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne, devlet in\u015fas\u0131na ve devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalan toplumlar\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor.<\/p>\n
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Bazen okumaya ilk ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman bir okuyucu olarak bizleri s\u0131kan ya da yer yer tarihi rakamlarla bilgi ya\u011fmuruna tutan tarihi kitaplar\u0131n aksine \u2018\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Tarihi\u2019 kitab\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan \u201cYanl\u0131\u015f tarihle do\u011fru ya\u015fanmaz, kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihini do\u011fru yazamayanlar \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015fayamaz (Abdullah \u00d6calan)\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc merakla gezinece\u011fimiz bir patikaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. K\u00fcrdistan tarihinin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadeleleri ve felsefesine do\u011fru bir giri\u015f yap\u0131yoruz. \u00dc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 evrede K\u00fcrdistan ve d\u00fcnya tarihini inceleyen yazar; Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u2018Asya\u2019n\u0131n uygarl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Elamlar\u2019 ile Neolitik d\u00f6nemin toplum yerle\u015fkesinden da\u011flara kadar uzanan uygarl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 tarihi izleri g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n
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\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda isyanlar<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2018Bin Tanr\u0131l\u0131 \u00dclke\u2019yle giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren s\u00f6m\u00fcrge devletlerinden demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famalar\u0131 halk isyanlar\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda gelen antla\u015fmalar d\u00f6neminin ara ge\u00e7i\u015f formunu \u00f6zetliyor. K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki uygarl\u0131k geli\u015fimi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesindeki demokrasi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015fam m\u00fccadeleleri kitab\u0131n ilerleyen sayfalar\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r nitelikte. \u2018Dehaklar\u0131n zulm\u00fc alt\u0131nda inleyen g\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesi\u2019yle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ise \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan toplumun Demirci Kawa isyan\u0131n\u0131, Zerd\u00fc\u015ft felsefesi ve Sokrates\u2019in ortak noktalar\u0131 ile kitaba son veriliyor.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 NA kitabevinin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi Gudea\u2019dan Sokrates\u2019e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Tarihi Antik K\u00fcrdistan ve D\u00fcnya Tarihi kitab\u0131n\u0131n edit\u00f6r\u00fc Serhat Kaya ile K\u00fcrdistan ve Ortado\u011fu toplumunun tarihini ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki tarihi yans\u0131malar\u0131na ili\u015fkin konu\u015ftuk.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Uygarl\u0131k tarihinden S\u00fcmerlere<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Mevcut literat\u00fcrde, tarih kuramlar\u0131yla alakal\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkiler bulundu\u011funu dile getiren Kaya, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinin y\u00fczde 98\u2019lik gibi uzun bir zaman dilimini kapsayan \u2018do\u011fal toplum\u2019 s\u00fcreci vard\u0131r. Bir de insanl\u0131k ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 2\u2019lik gibi k\u0131sa bir zaman dilimini kapsayan uygarl\u0131k tarihi vard\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131k tarihinden S\u00fcmerlerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen devletli tarih olarak bahsedebiliriz. Uygarl\u0131k tarih\u00e7ilerinin insanl\u0131k tarihinin en uzun dilimi olan do\u011fal toplum s\u00fcrecini; vah\u015fi, barbar, sald\u0131rgan gibi nitelemelerle yaftalay\u0131p, bu tarihi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yok sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Yine \u2018devletin varsa tarihin var, devletin yoksa tarihin yoktur\u2019 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n K\u00fcrtlere dayat\u0131lmas\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz K\u00fcrtlerden \u00e7ok \u015fey g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ana-atas\u0131 olarak ilan edilen Yunan medeniyetinin k\u00f6k h\u00fccresinin Medler ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck oldu\u011fu aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Platon\u2019un kendini Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frencisi olarak aktarmas\u0131 ve daha nice Yunanl\u0131 filozofun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6\u011frencilerin Oxford ve Harvard\u2019a ak\u0131n etmesi gibi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a ak\u0131n etmesi ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn ate\u015fgehleri etraf\u0131nda ders ald\u0131klar\u0131 rivayet edilir.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kadim miras\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hem uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin hem de Ortado\u011fu\u2019da bulunan Arap, Fars ve T\u00fcrk devletlerinin K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerinde kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hegemonyan\u0131n temelini tarihi miras\u0131 kendilerine mal ederek sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken Kaya, \u201cZaten s\u00f6ylemi\u015f oldu\u011fum topluluklar ya kendi ya da uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin deste\u011fini alarak K\u00fcrtlerin ana atalar\u0131n\u0131 katletmi\u015flerdir. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 bu kadim miras\u0131 kendi ellerinde bulundurmakt\u0131r. \u015eu an literat\u00fcrde esas al\u0131nan tarih kuram\u0131 \u2018mikro tarih\u2019 kuram\u0131d\u0131r. Mikro tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ve bu sorunun a\u015f\u0131labilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u2018evrensel tarih\u2019 kuram\u0131n\u0131n temel dayanak olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerine son k\u0131rk y\u0131lda yap\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bu tarihi kuram\u0131 baz al\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle Hegel\u2019in \u015fu yorumunu \u00e7ok g\u00fczel destekliyor: \u2018Evrensel olan her \u015feyin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.\u2019 Yani d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendisinin de olu\u015ftu\u011fu ilk ilkedir ve d\u00fcnya evrenselden \u00e7\u0131kar demek istemi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 tarihe be\u015fiklik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 evrensel tarih kuram\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fi konumundad\u0131r\u201d ifadelerinde bulundu.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n K\u00fcrtler bir araya gelirse…<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tarihin salt d\u00fcz \u00e7izgisel bir do\u011frultuda tekerr\u00fcr etmedi\u011fini kaydeden Kaya, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze tekerr\u00fcrlerden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak, do\u011fru analojilerle ger\u00e7e\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0 Kaya, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cAkad kral\u0131 Sargona kar\u015f\u0131 Gut\u00ee konfederasyonu \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Yine Guti ku\u015fatmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda i\u00e7erden Elamlar\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131 Akadlara bitirici darbeyi vurmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 durumun Med ve Asur sava\u015f\u0131nda tekerr\u00fcr etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Keyakser liderli\u011finde Med konfederasyonu Babil\u2019i ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yine Demirci Kawa \u00f6nderli\u011finde Kassitler\u2019in ayaklanmas\u0131 Asur zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Elamlar\u0131n Akadlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n Asur ku\u015fatmas\u0131nda Kassitler \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin bir buldozer gibi K\u00fcrt ulusla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda bir birliktense k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n cereyan etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Asl\u0131nda tarihin derinliklerindeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u00e7eli\u015fkileri g\u00f6rerek ulus baz\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler bir araya gelirse, tarihteki Med ve Guti konfederasyonundan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yap\u0131 kurabileceklerine inan\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n Yeni Ya\u015fam Gazetesi\u00a0 https:\/\/yeniyasamgazetesi2.com\/gudeadan-sokratese-ozgurlugun-anatomisi\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u201cTarih, ge\u00e7en zamanlar\u0131n \u015fahididir, onun ger\u00e7eklerini ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r, an\u0131lar\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za yol g\u00f6sterir ve eski zamanlardan bilinmeyen olaylar\u0131 anlat\u0131r\u201d der Cicero. \u015e\u00fcphesiz toplumlar\u0131n var olma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli sacayaklar\u0131ndan biri toplumsal ve tarihi belle\u011fimizdir. Ge\u00e7en her saniye, dakika ve saatler bizi gelece\u011fimize yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z an\u0131lar tarihteki yerini almaya devam eder. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[150,118,148],"class_list":["post-130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-degerlendirme","tag-ibrahim-tikan-ozgurluk-tarih","tag-ozgurluk-tarihi-tr","tag-serhat-kaya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130\/revisions\/132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}