{"id":586,"date":"2023-01-05T08:52:37","date_gmt":"2023-01-05T08:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/?p=586"},"modified":"2023-01-05T08:52:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T08:52:37","slug":"gabriel-garcia-marquez-yazarin-devrimci-gorevi-iyi-yazmaktir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/?p=586&lang=tr","title":{"rendered":"Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez: \u201cYazar\u0131n devrimci g\u00f6revi, iyi yazmakt\u0131r.\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

oggito.com<\/a> \/\u00a0\u00a0 “B\u00fcy\u00fckannemin hik\u00e2yeleri bana ilk ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Kasabas\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n mitleri, efsaneleri ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a do\u011fal bi\u00e7imde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Akl\u0131mda b\u00fcy\u00fckannem va\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k yanl\u0131zl\u0131krken, aniden fark ettim ki, ben hi\u00e7bir \u015fey icat etmiyorum asl\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca \u00f6z\u00fcnde bize, Latin Amerika\u2019ya ait olan bir alametler, \u00f6nseziler, \u015fifalar, bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 yakalay\u0131p anlat\u0131yorum.”<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Gabriel Garc\u00eda\u00a0M\u00e1rquez<\/strong>: Genelde bir yazar tek bir kitap yazar; bu tek kitap, bir\u00e7ok kitab\u0131nda farkl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klarla boy g\u00f6sterebilir. Balzac, Conrad, Melville, Kafka ve ku\u015fkusuz Faulkner gibi yazarlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenebilir bu. Bazen kitaplardan biri di\u011ferlerine nazaran \u00f6yle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar ki, yazar tek bir kadim kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Kim hat\u0131rlar Cervantes\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fclerini? \u00d6rne\u011fin kim hat\u0131rlar\u00a0El licenciado Vidriera<\/em>\u2019y\u0131? Yine de, bu \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc okumak, di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck eserleriyle ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde keyif vericidir. Latin Amerika\u2019da, Venezuelal\u0131 yazar R\u00f3mulo Gallegos\u00a0Do\u00f1a Barbara<\/em>\u00a0kitab\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr, ki en iyi eseri de\u011fildir bu. Guetamalal\u0131 Miguel \u00c1ngel Asturias\u00a0Say\u0131n Ba\u015fkan\u00a0<\/em>kitab\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131r, ama berbat bir romand\u0131r bu,\u00a0Guatemala Efsaneleri\u00a0<\/em>kadar iyi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza<\/strong>: Her yazar\u0131n hayat\u0131 boyunca tek bir kitap yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edersek, sizinki ne olurdu? Macondo kitab\u0131 m\u0131?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Bu pek do\u011fru olmaz. Yaln\u0131zca iki roman\u0131m,\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>, bir de\u00a0Han\u0131m Ana\u2019n\u0131n Cenaze T\u00f6reni<\/em>\u2019ndeki baz\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcler Macondo\u2019da ge\u00e7iyor. \u00d6b\u00fcrleri \u2013Albaya Mektup Yok<\/em>,\u00a0\u015eer Saati\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Pazartesi<\/em>\u2013 Kolombiya k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir kasabada ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Tren ve muz kokusunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kasaba.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Ama nehir olan bir kasaba. Ancak \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fi saatinde varabilece\u011finiz bir kasaba.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Macondo kitab\u0131 de\u011filse, tek kitab\u0131n\u0131z ne olurdu?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k kitab\u0131. Hat\u0131rlarsan\u0131z,\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u2019ndaki ba\u015f karakter, mutlak bir yaln\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yor ve \u00f6l\u00fcyor. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k,\u00a0Albaya Mektup Yok<\/em>\u2019un merkezindeki ki\u015finin de pe\u015fini b\u0131rakm\u0131yor \u2013 Albay, her cuma, kar\u0131s\u0131 ve yavru horozuyla hi\u00e7 gelmeyecek bir gazi maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor.\u00a0\u015eer Saati<\/em>\u2019nde kasaban\u0131n g\u00fcvenini kazanmay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc beceremeyen belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 da yaln\u0131z biri. Kendince yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc biliyor.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Aureliano Buend\u00eda ve Ba\u015fkan Baba gibi.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Aynen \u00f6yle.\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n ve\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019\u0131n temel izle\u011fi yaln\u0131zl\u0131k.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: E\u011fer yaln\u0131zl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n temel izle\u011fiyse, bu h\u00e2kim duygunun k\u00f6klerini nerede aramal\u0131y\u0131z? \u00c7ocuklu\u011funuzda m\u0131?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Bu sorunun herkeste oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Herkesin kendi yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunu ifade etme bi\u00e7imi var. Bu duygu \u00e7ok say\u0131da yazar\u0131n eserine h\u00e2kim, ama kimisi de bunu bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ifade ediyor. \u0130\u015fte ben ikinci gruptay\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\"g<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: \u0130lk kitab\u0131n\u0131z\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>,\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcvesini ta\u015f\u0131yor? Bu kitab\u0131 yazan gen\u00e7 adam hakk\u0131nda \u015fimdi ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Ona b\u00fcy\u00fck sempati duyuyorum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kitab\u0131 aceleyle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir daha bir \u015fey yazamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun tek \u015fans\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn birikimini kitaba aktarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de o s\u0131ralarda okudu\u011fu \u0130ngiliz ve Amerikal\u0131 romanc\u0131lardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131nsal teknik ve taktikleri.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Bu yazarlar\u0131n Virginia Woolf, Joyce, Faulkner oldu\u011fu besbelli.\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n tekni\u011fi Faulkner\u2019\u0131n\u00a0D\u00f6\u015fe\u011fimde \u00d6l\u00fcrken<\/em>\u2019ine \u00e7ok benziyor.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Birebir ayn\u0131 de\u011fil. Tam\u0131 tam\u0131na belirlenmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kulland\u0131m, ama bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na isim vermedim. Ya\u015fl\u0131 bir adam, bir o\u011flan, bir de kad\u0131n var.\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131\u00a0<\/em>ile\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n ayn\u0131 teknik ve izlekte (\u00f6l\u00fcye olan tutum) yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir farkla ki,\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda kendimi serbest b\u0131rakmad\u0131m ve monologlar son derece s\u0131k\u0131 bir plana uygun tasarland\u0131; \u00f6te yandan\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda, bazen ayn\u0131 c\u00fcmlede olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok say\u0131da monolog kulland\u0131m. Bu kitab\u0131n sonuna geldi\u011fimde, art\u0131k tek ba\u015f\u0131ma u\u00e7abilecek, ipleri kopar\u0131p diledi\u011fimi yapacak hale geldim.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>:\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 yazan gen\u00e7 adama d\u00f6nelim. Yirmi ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Yirmi iki.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Yirmi iki ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131n\u0131z, Barranquilla\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yordunuz ve bir roman yazd\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer do\u011fru hat\u0131rl\u0131yorsam, bir gazetenin edit\u00f6rl\u00fck biriminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordunuz ve herkes eve gittikten sonra ofiste gece ge\u00e7 saatlere kadar yaz\u0131yordunuz.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>:\u00a0El Heraldo<\/em>\u00a0gazetesinde.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Evet, o ofisleri bilirim \u2013 neon \u0131\u015f\u0131klar, tavan pervaneleri, s\u00fcrekli a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cak. Hemen d\u0131\u015far\u0131da da yeralt\u0131 barlar\u0131yla dolu bir sokak. Calle del Crimen \u2013 Su\u00e7 Soka\u011f\u0131. Ad\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayn\u0131 m\u0131?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Evet, La Calle del Crimen. Orada, aslen genelev olan paras\u0131z m\u00fc\u015fterilerin gitti\u011fi otellerin birinde kal\u0131yordum. Odan\u0131n \u00fccreti gecede bir bu\u00e7uk pesoydu.\u00a0El Heraldo<\/em>\u00a0s\u00fctun ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7 peso, bazen de edit\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 peso daha \u00f6d\u00fcyordu bana. Odan\u0131n \u00fccretini \u00f6deyecek bir bu\u00e7uk pesom olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131n yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 otel g\u00f6revlisine teminat b\u0131rak\u0131yordum. O k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlara \u00e7ok de\u011fer verdi\u011fimi biliyordu. Uzun zaman sonra,\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019\u0131 yazal\u0131 epey olmu\u015ftu, beni g\u00f6rmeye ve imzal\u0131 foto\u011fraf istemeye gelen insanlar aras\u0131nda bu otel g\u00f6revlisine rastlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Her \u015feyi hat\u0131rl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Albaya Mektup Yok<\/em>, Gallimard\u2019a\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019tan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce \u00f6nerildi. \u0130ki okur vard\u0131: Juan Goytisolo ve Roger Caillois.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

PAM<\/strong>:\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 yay\u0131mlamakta zorluk ya\u015fad\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Yay\u0131nc\u0131 bulmam be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Arjantin\u2019deki bir yay\u0131nevine, Editorial Losada\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdim; dosyay\u0131, \u0130spanyol ele\u015ftirmen Guillermo de Torre\u2019nin ba\u015fka i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015fmam\u0131 tavsiye eden bir mektubuyla birlikte geri g\u00f6nderdiler. Bununla birlikte, bende, \u015fimdi b\u00fcy\u00fck memnuniyet duydu\u011fum bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu teslim etmi\u015fti \u2013 su g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir \u015fiir hissiyat\u0131.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Fransa\u2019da benzer bir durumun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011finizi duydum. Yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsam, Roger Caillois\u2019yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>:\u00a0Albaya Mektup Yok<\/em>, Gallimard\u2019a\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019tan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce \u00f6nerildi. \u0130ki okur vard\u0131: Juan Goytisolo ve Roger Caillois. Goytisolo m\u00fckemmel bir okur notu yazd\u0131, o zamanlar \u015fimdi oldu\u011fu gibi iyi arkada\u015f de\u011fildik. \u00d6b\u00fcr yanda Caillois, kitab\u0131 do\u011frudan reddetti.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>:\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u00a0ile\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u00a0aras\u0131ndaki romanlar\u0131n\u0131z (Albaya Mektup Yok<\/em>,\u00a0\u015eer Saati<\/em>,\u00a0Han\u0131m Ana\u2019n\u0131n Cenaze T\u00f6reni<\/em>) ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i, kontroll\u00fc, hem kompozisyon hem de dil a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc; ne b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc ne de skandal bir \u015fey var. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimi nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorsunuz?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>:\u00a0Yaprak F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131<\/em>\u2019n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, her iyi roman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin \u015fiirsel bir yeniden aktar\u0131m\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yordum. Ama hat\u0131rlarsan\u0131z kitap Kolombiya\u2019da kanl\u0131 bir siyasi bask\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, militan arkada\u015flar\u0131m bende korkun\u00e7 bir su\u00e7luluk kompleksi yaratt\u0131. \u201cRoman\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi k\u0131nam\u0131yor ya da if\u015fa etmiyor,\u201d dediler. Ben bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok basitle\u015ftirici ve yanl\u0131\u015f buluyorum, ama o zamanlar \u00fclkenin g\u00fcncel siyasi ve toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fiyle daha \u00e7ok ilgilenmem gerekti\u011fini hissettim. Bu y\u00fczden ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki edebi fikirlerimden \u00e7ok uzakla\u015ft\u0131m. Neyse ki sonradan bu fikirlere geri d\u00f6nebildim. Bu arada ciddi ciddi i\u00e7eri t\u0131k\u0131lma riskiyle ya\u015f\u0131yordum.\u00a0Albaya Mektup Yok<\/em>,\u00a0\u015eer Saati<\/em>,\u00a0Han\u0131m Ana\u2019n\u0131n Cenaze T\u00f6reni\u00a0<\/em>Kolombiya\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131yor, bu izlek kitaplar\u0131n temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirliyor. Bu kitaplar\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131ma pi\u015fman de\u011filim, bunlar dura\u011fan ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir ger\u00e7eklik tasavvuru sunan planlanm\u0131\u015f edebiyat t\u00fcr\u00fcne giriyor. \u0130ster iyi ister k\u00f6t\u00fc olsunlar, son sayfada biten kitaplar. Art\u0131k bana k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 geliyorlar. Daha iyi \u015feyler yazabilecek kabiliyette oldu\u011fumu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Sizi bu de\u011fi\u015fimi yapmaya sevk eden neydi?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Kendi i\u015fim \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek. \u00dcst\u00fcne uzun s\u00fcre d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm ve sonunda kendimi adad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015feyin \u00fclkemin toplumsal ve siyasi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hi\u00e7bir \u015feye ayr\u0131cal\u0131k g\u00f6stermeden veya hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemeden bu ve \u00f6teki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n toplam ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\"g<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Yani, kendi tecr\u00fcbenize dayanarak, Latin Amerika\u2019da \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f \u015fu me\u015fhur \u201cangaje edebiyat\u201d\u0131 elinizin tersiyle ittiniz.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Bildi\u011finiz \u00fczere, ki\u015fisel siyasi se\u00e7imlerim s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bir siyasi angajman\u0131m var.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Sosyalizm mi…<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Ben d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sosyalist olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorum, \u00f6n\u00fcnde sonunda b\u00f6yle olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum. Bununla birlikte, Latin Amerika\u2019da \u201cangaje edebiyat\u201d, daha do\u011frusu toplumcu protesto denen \u015feye dair \u00e7ekincelerim var. Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeni, bu edebiyat\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 d\u00fcnya ve ya\u015fam g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn siyasi anlamda bir \u015fey kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamamas\u0131. Herhangi bir bilin\u00e7lendirme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rmaktansa yava\u015flat\u0131yor. Latin Amerikal\u0131lar romandan \u00e7ok, iyi bildikleri zul\u00fcmlerin ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n if\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor daha ziyade. Militan arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, yazarlara ne yaz\u0131p yazmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, belki de fark\u0131nda olmadan, dikte etme ihtiyac\u0131 duyuyor, yaratma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar koyarak gerici bir tav\u0131r alm\u0131\u015f oluyorlar. Ben bir a\u015fk roman\u0131n\u0131n herhangi t\u00fcr bir ba\u015fka roman kadar me\u015fru oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Yazar\u0131n esas g\u00f6revi \u2013tabiri caizse devrimci g\u00f6revi\u2013 iyi yazmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Kendinizi g\u00fcncel siyasi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe olan bu angajmandan azat ettikten sonra,\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019\u0131 do\u011furan, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe olan di\u011fer yakla\u015f\u0131ma \u2013mitsel yakla\u015f\u0131m diyebiliriz belki\u2013 nas\u0131l vard\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Daha \u00f6nce s\u00f6yledi\u011fim gibi, b\u00fcy\u00fckannemin hik\u00e2yeleri bana ilk ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Kasabas\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n mitleri, efsaneleri ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a do\u011fal bi\u00e7imde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Akl\u0131mda b\u00fcy\u00fckannem varken, aniden fark ettim ki, ben hi\u00e7bir \u015fey icat etmiyorum asl\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca \u00f6z\u00fcnde bize, Latin Amerika\u2019ya ait olan bir alametler, \u00f6nseziler, \u015fifalar, bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 yakalay\u0131p anlat\u0131yorum. \u00d6rne\u011fin, dua okuyarak ineklerin kulaklar\u0131ndan kurtlar \u00e7\u0131karan adamlar\u0131 bir hat\u0131rlay\u0131n. Latin Amerika\u2019daki g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131z bu t\u00fcr \u015feylerle dolu.\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019\u0131 yazmam i\u00e7in, rasyonalistlerin ve Stalinistlerin ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi anlamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u0131llarca dayatt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalardan kurtularak bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe, kendi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimize bakmam yetti.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>:\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>,\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>\u00a0ve son \u00f6yk\u00fclerinizdeki ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fc unsurlar, abart\u0131l\u0131 orant\u0131lar da ger\u00e7ek mi, edebiyat\u0131n verdi\u011fi bir ruhsattan m\u0131 ileri geliyor?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimizin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimiz kendi i\u00e7inde orant\u0131dan b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn yoksun. Bunu anlatacak s\u00f6zleri bulamayan yazarlar i\u00e7in ciddi bir sorun te\u015fkil ediyor bu. Bir nehri ele alal\u0131m, \u00f6rne\u011fin okurun hayalinde canlanabilecek Avrupa\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck nehir 1770 mil uzunlu\u011fundaki Tuna. Peki okur, baz\u0131 noktalarda kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyecek kadar geni\u015fleyen Amazon\u2019u nas\u0131l hayalinde canland\u0131racak? \u201cF\u0131rt\u0131na\u201d kelimesi Avrupal\u0131 okur i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir \u015fey, bizim i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir \u015fey \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Tropiklerin sel gibi sa\u011fanaklar\u0131n\u0131 aktarmas\u0131 pek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan \u201cya\u011fmur\u201d kelimesi i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli bu. Sular\u0131 kaynayan nehirler, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc titreten f\u0131rt\u0131nalar, koca bir kasabay\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcren kas\u0131rgalar bizim yar\u0131mk\u00fcremizde uydurma de\u011fil, do\u011fal d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir boyutu.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: O halde mitleri, b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fc, abart\u0131l\u0131 oranlar\u0131 kendi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimizden ald\u0131n\u0131z. Peki ya dil?\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019\u0131n dilinde,\u00a0Han\u0131m Ana\u2019n\u0131n Cenaze T\u00f6reni<\/em>\u2019ndeki ba\u015fl\u0131kla ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6yk\u00fc hari\u00e7, \u00f6nceki kitaplar\u0131n\u0131zda olmayan bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m, zenginlik, bolluk var.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Bu biraz burnu havada anla\u015f\u0131labilir, ama asl\u0131nda hep b\u00f6yle yazabiliyordum. Yaln\u0131zca bunu kullanmam gerekmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Demek istedi\u011finiz, bir yazar\u0131n her g\u00fcn g\u00f6mlek de\u011fi\u015ftirir gibi kitaptan kitaba dil de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fi mi? Sizce de dil bir yazar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz \u00f6zelli\u011fi de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Hay\u0131r, bence kitab\u0131n izle\u011fi, teknik ve dil se\u00e7imini belirler.\u00a0Albaya Mektup Yok<\/em>\u2019ta,\u00a0\u015eer Saati<\/em>\u2019nde,\u00a0Han\u0131m Ana\u2019n\u0131n Cenazesi<\/em>\u2019nde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m dil \u00f6zl\u00fc, kontroll\u00fc ve gazetecilikteki gibi ekonomik bir dildi.\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019ta ba\u015fka bir ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi sunmak i\u00e7in mitsel veya b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc dedi\u011fimiz daha zengin bir dile ihtiya\u00e7 duydum.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Peki ya\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Orada da bir ba\u015fka dil daha bulmam,\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019ta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m dilden ayr\u0131lmam gerekti.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>:\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>\u00a0i\u00e7in nesir \u015fiir diyebiliriz. Bu konuda \u015fiir birikiminiz etkili oldu mu?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Hay\u0131r, ba\u015fl\u0131ca m\u00fczi\u011fin etkisi vard\u0131. Kitab\u0131 yazarken hayat\u0131mda hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u00e7ok m\u00fczik dinledim.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Nas\u0131l m\u00fczikler dinliyordunuz?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: O s\u0131ralar B\u00e9la B\u00e1rtok ve Karayip pop\u00fcler m\u00fczikleri. Bu ikisinin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir etki yaratm\u0131\u015f olsa gerek.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Kitab\u0131n g\u00fcndelik hayattan \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6nderme ve deyi\u015f i\u00e7erdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftiniz.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Do\u011fru.\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131\u00a0<\/em>g\u00fcnl\u00fck konu\u015fma diline en yak\u0131n roman\u0131m; ayn\u0131 zamanda Karayipler temalar\u0131na, deyi\u015flerine, \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131na ve t\u00fcrk\u00fclerine en yak\u0131n olan\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca Barranquilla\u2019l\u0131 bir taksi \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn anlayabilece\u011fi ifadeler i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda eserlerinize dair ne hissediyorsunuz? \u0130lk kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z mesela.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Daha \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fim babal\u0131k \u015fefkatini hissediyorum, b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp de evden ayr\u0131lan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in hissedilen duygunun ayn\u0131s\u0131. O ilk kitaplar\u0131 \u00e7ok uzaklarda kalm\u0131\u015f savunmas\u0131z \u015feyler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum ve onlar\u0131 yazan gen\u00e7 adama verdikleri ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Bunlar art\u0131k \u015fimdi \u00e7ok rahat \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz sorunlar.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Evet, \u015fu anda ad\u0131 bile ge\u00e7meyecek sorunlar.<\/p>\n

Edebi a\u00e7\u0131dan en \u00f6nemlisi, beni unutkanl\u0131ktan kurtaran\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

PAM<\/strong>: \u0130lk kitaplar\u0131n\u0131zla sonradan d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131nman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan kitaplar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan bir \u00e7izgi var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Evet var ve bu \u00e7izginin i\u00e7eride oldu\u011funu ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: En \u00f6nemli kitab\u0131n\u0131z hangisi?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Edebi a\u00e7\u0131dan en \u00f6nemlisi, beni unutkanl\u0131ktan kurtaran\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131<\/em>.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Yazmaktan en b\u00fcy\u00fck keyif ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n da bu kitap oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftiniz. Neden?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hep yazmak istedi\u011fim kitapt\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel itiraflar\u0131mda en ileri gitti\u011fim yerdi.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Kamufle edilmi\u015f bir halde tabii.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Elbette.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Ayn\u0131 zamanda yazmas\u0131 en uzun s\u00fcren kitapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Toplamda on yedi y\u0131l. Do\u011frusunu bulmadan \u00f6nce iki versiyonu yar\u0131m b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: O halde en iyi kitab\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>:\u00a0K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Pazartesi<\/em>\u2019yi yazmadan \u00f6nce en iyi roman\u0131m\u00a0Albaya Mektup Yok\u00a0<\/em>derdim. O kitab\u0131 dokuz kez tekrar yazd\u0131m, eserlerim aras\u0131nda en sa\u011flam\u0131 o gibi geliyor bana.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Ama\u00a0K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Pazartesi<\/em>\u2019nin daha iyi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Evet.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Hangi anlamda?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Yapmak istedi\u011fime birebir uyan bir i\u015f \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131m ortaya. Bu daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Di\u011fer kitaplar\u0131mda hik\u00e2ye al\u0131r ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 gider, karakterler kendi kendine hayat bulur ve ne istiyorlarsa onu yapar.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Edebiyatta yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc taraflar\u0131ndan biri bu…<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: S\u0131k\u0131 bir denetim uygulayabilece\u011fim bir kitap yazma ihtiyac\u0131 duyuyordum ve san\u0131r\u0131m bunu\u00a0K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Pazartesi<\/em>\u2019de yapt\u0131m. Oradaki izlek tam\u0131 tam\u0131na bir dedektif \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: En iyi kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z aras\u0131nda\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019tan s\u00f6z etmemeniz tuhaf, oysa ele\u015ftirmenler a\u00e7\u0131k ara en iyi kitab\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu kitaba dair pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcr\u00fcyor mu?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Evet. Hayat\u0131m\u0131 neredeyse mahvediyordu. Yay\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ayn\u0131 de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Neden?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hret ger\u00e7eklik alg\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, neredeyse iktidar kadar sars\u0131yor, \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrekli tehdit ediyor. Maalesef buna dayanmak zorunda kalana kadar kimse buna inanm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>:\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer eserlerinize haks\u0131zl\u0131k etti\u011fini mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Evet.\u00a0Ba\u015fkan Babam\u0131z\u0131n Sonbahar\u0131\u00a0<\/em>edebi anlamda daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131. Bu kitap iktidar\u0131n yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair, \u00f6te yandan\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u00a0g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair. Herkesin hayat hik\u00e2yesi. \u00dcstelik sade, ak\u0131c\u0131, \u00e7izgisel bir bi\u00e7imde, hatta \u015f\u00f6yle diyeyim (ki daha \u00f6nce s\u00f6yledim), y\u00fczeysel bir bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

PAM<\/strong>: Ondan nefret ediyor gibisiniz.<\/p>\n

GGM<\/strong>: Hay\u0131r ama g\u00fcne\u015fin alt\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn numaralar ve \u00fc\u00e7k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlarla yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorum. O kitab\u0131 yazmadan \u00f6nce de daha iyi bir i\u015f \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fimi biliyordum.<\/p>\n

1983<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizceden \u00e7eviren: O\u011fuz Tecimen<\/p>\n

Kaynak: https:\/\/oggito.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

oggito.com \/\u00a0\u00a0 “B\u00fcy\u00fckannemin hik\u00e2yeleri bana ilk ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Kasabas\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n mitleri, efsaneleri ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a do\u011fal bi\u00e7imde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Akl\u0131mda b\u00fcy\u00fckannem va\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k yanl\u0131zl\u0131krken, aniden fark ettim ki, ben hi\u00e7bir \u015fey icat etmiyorum asl\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca \u00f6z\u00fcnde bize, Latin Amerika\u2019ya ait olan bir alametler, \u00f6nseziler, \u015fifalar, bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 yakalay\u0131p anlat\u0131yorum.” Gabriel Garc\u00eda\u00a0M\u00e1rquez: Genelde bir yazar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-roportaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=586"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":588,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions\/588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.nayayinlari.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}